What Are Neuromas of the Foot?

The ball of your foot is the bottom part just behind your toes. Bands of tissue (ligaments) connect the bones in the ball of your foot. Nerves run between the bones and underneath the ligaments. When a nerve or a number of small nerves become pinched, this causes them to swell and become painful because of the thickening of the tissue that surrounds the nerves. The painful, swollen nerve or cluster of nerves is called a neuroma (also called Morton neuroma).

A neuroma most often happens at the base of either the third and fourth toes or the second and third toes.

What causes a neuroma?

Runners often report this problem and describe pain as they push off from the starting block. Wearing tight or high-heeled shoes can cause a neuroma. Shoes that are too narrow or too pointed squeeze the bones in the ball of the foot. Shoes with high heels put extra pressure on the ends of the bones. When the bones are squeezed together, they pinch the nerve that runs between them.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of a neuroma is pain in the ball of the foot between 2 toes. The pain may be dull or sharp. It may feel as if you have a stone in your shoe. You may also have tingling or numbness in one or both of the toes. Symptoms may happen after you have been walking or standing for a while. Taking off your shoes and rubbing the ball of your foot may decrease or relieve the pain.

Preventing future problems

To prevent a future neuroma, buy shoes with plenty of room across the ball of the foot and in the toes. This keeps the bones from being squeezed together. Wearing low-heeled shoes (less than 2 inches) also puts less pressure on the bones and nerves in the ball of the foot.